Findings from the study unlock new possibilities for space medicine.
Earth from space / © NASA
For the first time in history, scientists have successfully taken X-ray images of a person directly in Earth’s orbit. The experiment demonstrated that a portable digital X-ray system can function effectively in microgravity conditions.
This was reported by RSNA.
The research was conducted during the 3.5-day polar orbit flight of the Fram2 spacecraft.
The crew utilized a commercially available portable digital X-ray system that had been previously tested on Earth. Before the flight, participants underwent a brief four-hour training session, after which they independently performed X-ray imaging in space.
The resulting images were compared with those taken before the mission’s launch.
Researchers determined that the quality of the X-ray images taken in space was virtually indistinguishable from those captured on Earth.
Radiologists found no significant differences in sharpness, contrast, or overall image quality. The sole challenge encountered was the correct positioning of the individual during imaging of the torso, as this is considerably more difficult in a weightless environment.
In addition to medical diagnostics, the system was tested for equipment inspection.
The X-ray allowed for a high-precision examination of the internal structure of technical devices without the need for disassembly. Upon returning to Earth, the equipment remained fully operational, despite minor damage sustained during the spacecraft’s atmospheric re-entry.
The study’s authors emphasize that during extended space missions, particularly journeys to the Moon or Mars, astronauts may require rapid diagnosis of fractures, injuries, or other medical conditions.
Until now, ultrasound remained the primary method for diagnostic imaging in orbit. The implementation of X-ray radiography significantly expands the capabilities for medical assistance in space.
However, scientists note that before integrating such systems into regular space missions, it is necessary to refine operational procedures for microgravity environments and standardize the image acquisition process.
As a reminder, in space, the human heart rapidly loses mass due to the absence of gravity and reduced workload. After a 10-day mission, the heart’s main chamber shrinks by an average of 12%. This is a natural physiological adaptation. Upon returning to Earth, there is a risk of dizziness and fainting due to reduced blood volume. For long-duration flights, such as those to Mars, effective preventive measures and training are essential.
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